1. Introduction Space weather is significantly affected by geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) that occur during or after intense solar events such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which expel substantial amounts of electromagnetic particles into interplanetary space. Most of these particles collide with the magnetosphere (the outermost region of the atmosphere) where the solar wind (continuous flow …[Read More]
1. Congratulations on receiving the e-SWAN Alexander Chizhevsky Medal for outstanding contributions to space weather and space climate. How does this recognition reflect your work and impact in the field? Thank you! I am deeply honored to receive this award, which recognizes not just my work but the collective efforts of many collaborators over the …[Read More]
Scientific research has long recognized that solar-terrestrial interactions play a crucial role in shaping the polar atmosphere, impacting both climate dynamics and atmospheric coupling across different layers. Understanding these interactions is key to unraveling their far-reaching effects on Earth’s climate, space weather, and global atmospheric processes. The recognition of these critical processes has driven international …[Read More]
Thanks to the invention of the Neutron Monitor in 1948 and multiple spacecraft which monitor the cosmic ray environment since 1970’s we now have a constant record of the solar activity over almost 70 years. Information prior to this space era, however, are rare and take us back in time only to the late 1930s, when …[Read More]
