Tinted detail of a photo: Fisheye view of bright green aurora bands swirling across a starry night sky above a snowy curved horizon, with a small lit building at the right edge.
ST
Solar-Terrestrial Sciences

edited by Liliana Macotela

Liliana is a Senior Researcher at NORCE Research, Tromso, Norway. Her research expertise lies in high-latitude ionospheric physics. She has extensive experience working with complementary ground-based and satellite measurements, combining observations from different instruments to investigate the physical origins of ionospheric phenomena. Her research has also involved studying the connections between the atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere, giving her a broad understanding of the processes that shape the coupled geospace environment.

Unraveling Low-Latitude Ionospheric Delays: How Solar Flux and Energetic Protons Shape Storm-Time TEC Across Solar Cycles 23–25

and October 27, 2026
Two scatter plots showing a positive correlation between DTEC and F10.7 Flux. Blue data points with vertical error bars follow an upward-sloping red trend line in both graphs.

Introduction Geomagnetic storms present a constant challenge to global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), driving space weather researchers to better understand how the ionosphere responds when solar drivers strike. A primary key to this puzzle is ionospheric delay time, the exact duration between the onset of a geomagnetic storm and its peak impact on the Total …[Read More]