Tinted detail of a photo: Fisheye view of bright green aurora bands swirling across a starry night sky above a snowy curved horizon, with a small lit building at the right edge.
ST
Solar-Terrestrial Sciences

Solar-Terrestrial Interaction

Unraveling Low-Latitude Ionospheric Delays: How Solar Flux and Energetic Protons Shape Storm-Time TEC Across Solar Cycles 23–25

and October 27, 2026
Two scatter plots showing a positive correlation between DTEC and F10.7 Flux. Blue data points with vertical error bars follow an upward-sloping red trend line in both graphs.

Introduction Geomagnetic storms present a constant challenge to global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), driving space weather researchers to better understand how the ionosphere responds when solar drivers strike. A primary key to this puzzle is ionospheric delay time, the exact duration between the onset of a geomagnetic storm and its peak impact on the Total …[Read More]

Chasing Auroras 41 Millennia Ago with Agnit Mukhopadhyay and Sanja Panovska

July 18, 2025
Chasing Auroras 41 Millennia Ago with Agnit Mukhopadhyay and Sanja Panovska

Approximately 41,000 years ago, during the Laschamps geomagnetic excursion, Earth’s magnetic field experienced a significant disturbance. The strength of the magnetic field decreased to only 10% of what it is today, the magnetic poles shifted considerably from the geographic poles, and the magnetosphere—the protective layer surrounding our planet—became smaller and distorted in previously unvisualized ways. …[Read More]