Saturn is best known for its spectacular rings, but the rings are closely connected to the surrounding Saturnian environment. One of the sources of material in this system is the small icy moon Enceladus. During the Cassini mission, spectacular plumes were discovered erupting from fractures near Enceladus’ south pole, known as the tiger stripes. These …[Read More]
Introduction Geomagnetic storms present a constant challenge to global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), driving space weather researchers to better understand how the ionosphere responds when solar drivers strike. A primary key to this puzzle is ionospheric delay time, the exact duration between the onset of a geomagnetic storm and its peak impact on the Total …[Read More]
Are you working on the magnetosphere, ionosphere, atmosphere, or space weather? We invite members of the scientific, operational, and applied user communities to contribute to a community survey that will help shape a New Earth Observation Mission Idea (NEOMI) Study of Energetic Particle Precipitation (SEEP). Earth’s atmosphere is not isolated from space. Invisible streams of …[Read More]
1. Introduction Space weather is significantly affected by geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) that occur during or after intense solar events such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which expel substantial amounts of electromagnetic particles into interplanetary space. Most of these particles collide with the magnetosphere (the outermost region of the atmosphere) where the solar wind (continuous flow …[Read More]
Introduction The solar wind, a continuous outflow of charged particles from the solar corona, plays a fundamental role in shaping the heliosphere and driving space weather. Its interaction with planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres regulates magnetospheric dynamics, influences atmospheric escape, and governs space weather hazards that can affect both space- and ground-based technologies. Despite over six …[Read More]
Approximately 41,000 years ago, during the Laschamps geomagnetic excursion, Earth’s magnetic field experienced a significant disturbance. The strength of the magnetic field decreased to only 10% of what it is today, the magnetic poles shifted considerably from the geographic poles, and the magnetosphere—the protective layer surrounding our planet—became smaller and distorted in previously unvisualized ways. …[Read More]
Scientific research has long recognized that solar-terrestrial interactions play a crucial role in shaping the polar atmosphere, impacting both climate dynamics and atmospheric coupling across different layers. Understanding these interactions is key to unraveling their far-reaching effects on Earth’s climate, space weather, and global atmospheric processes. The recognition of these critical processes has driven international …[Read More]
1. Introduction Severe natural phenomena of geophysical, hydrological, and meteorological origins cause natural hazards that negatively impact human activity or the environment. Many people living on the earth suffer from natural hazards every year. Although we can predict some natural hazards (e.g., typhoons) in near real-time, forecasts of the geophysical natural hazards such as large …[Read More]
Particle Precipitation High energy particles (e.g. electrons and protons) that precipitate at high latitudes can alter the chemical composition of the atmosphere by different photochemical reactions. This mainly happens due to primary collision processes and subsequent ion and neutral-chemistry reactions. Such reactions ordered by increasing energy are, for example, excitation, photo-dissociation, photo-ionization and dissociative …[Read More]
Dayside of the Earth’s magnetic field Our understanding of the relationship between Earth’s magnetic field and the particles from the Sun that constantly bombard it, known as the solar wind, has significantly advanced in recent decades. The availability of numerous spacecraft measurements has provided valuable insights into this interaction. The solar wind, composed of high-speed …[Read More]
