One of the most profound consequences of past climate changes are the geologically rapid (<100,000 year) changes in global topography. For thousands of years, large ice sheets, similar to what currently exists in Greenland and Antarctica, waxed and waned on North America and Europe. Only 20,000 years ago, if you were sitting in the middle of Canada or Sweden, you would be under thousands ...[Read More]
Reconstructing ice sheets and topography of the past
Figure 1: Paleotopography of the Arctic at the Last Glacial Maximum, at 20,000 years before present (yr BP). Ice sheets covered much of northern Europe and North America. The lower sea level caused a land bridge to form between Siberia and Alaska. Black lines are the modern coastline.